<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2795-5001</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portuguese Journal of Dermatology and Venereology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port J Dermatol Venereol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2795-5001</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Permanyer Publications]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2795-50012022000100033</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/pjd.m22000006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fluoroquinolones as enhancers of photocarcinogenesis: Proposed pathomechanisms]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O papel das fluoroquinolonas no mecanismo de fotocarcinogénese]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo Toipa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarida]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Serviço de Dermatologia do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2795-50012022000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2795-50012022000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2795-50012022000100033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Fluoroquinolones are photosensitizing drugs in humans, as they can enhance effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation on the skin. UVA causes lesions both to deoxyribonucleic acid and other cellular organelles by Type I and Type II reactions (major and minor). The resulting photoproducts are highly reactive and can change the chemical composition of nucleotide bases, induce strand breaks and disrupt macromolecules and organelles. The cellular response can trigger apoptosis, causing a phototoxic skin reaction, recognized clinically as erythema, bullous or eczematous lesions, pseudoporphyria, onycholysis or subcorneal pustules. Moreover, cells with defects in oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes may be unable to promote apoptosis and thus give rise to a tumor cell. There has been growing evidence in the literature that photosensitizing drugs increase the photocarcinogenesis potential of UV radiation. In addition to being photocarcinogenic, UV radiation is immunosuppressive, which may explain why tumor cells multiply without control. The immunosuppression seems to be enhanced by fluoroquinolones. These drugs have proven to be photogenotoxic and photocarcinogenic in vitro and in animals. Clinical studies seem to suggest an increased risk of skin cancer in patients taking fluoroquinolones, with an even higher risk with longer courses of treatment. This article suggests a possible association between fluoroquinolones and skin cancer but also highlights a gap in the literature. Thus, it is important to increase preventive measures regarding sun exposure.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo As fluoroquinolonas atuam como substâncias fotossensibilizantes, potenciando os efeitos da radiação UVA na pele. A radiação UVA desencadeia lesões tanto no ADN como nos restantes organelos celulares por reações de tipo I e tipo II (major e minor), cujos produtos de reação altamente reativos são capazes de alterar a composição química das bases de nucleótidos, induzir quebras da cadeia, oxidar macromoléculas e organelos. A reposta celular pode desencadear mecanismos de apoptose, provocando uma reação de fototoxicidade na pele, que pode ser reconhecida clinicamente como eritema, lesões bolhosas ou eczematosas, pseudoporfiria, onicólise ou pústulas subcorneas. Além disso, as células com lesões em oncogenes e/ou genes supressores tumorais podem não ser capazes de promover a apoptose e, desta forma, originar uma célula tumoral. Tem havido uma crescente evidência na literatura de que fármacos fotossensibilizantes aumentam o potencial fotocarcinogénico da radiação UV. Além de fotocarcinogénica, a radiação UV é imunossupressora, o que pode justificar que células tumorais proliferem sem controlo. O estado de imunossupressão parece ser também agravado pelas fluorquinolones. Estes fármacos provaram ser fotogenotóxicos e fotocarcinogénicos em estudos in vitro e em animais. Os estudos clínicos parecem sugerir um risco aumentado de aparecimento de cancro de pele em doentes a tomar fluoroquinolonas, havendo um aparente incremento do risco em tratamentos mais longos. O presente artigo conclui uma possível associação entre a toma de fluoroquinolonas e risco de cancro cutâneo, mas também evidencia uma lacuna de estudos na literatura. Desta forma, é importante reforçar as medidas preventivas face à exposição solar.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Deoxyribonucleic acid/radiation effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Deoxyribonucleic acid damage; dermatitis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Phototoxic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fluoroquinolones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Radiation-sensitizing agents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Skin neoplasms/genetics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ácido desoxirribonucleico/efeitos de radiação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Danos ao ácido desoxirribonucleico; dermatite]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Fototóxico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Fluoroquinolonas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Agentes sensibilizadores de radiação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Neoplasias cutâneas/genética]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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