<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2795-4757</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Political Observer]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Political Observer]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2795-4757</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OBSERVATÓRIO POLÍTICO ]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2795-47572025000100017</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59071/2795-4765.rpcp2025.23/pp.17-37</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[From Land-Tenure Cleavage to Contentious Politics - the Intertwined Role of Catholic Church Hierarchy and Politics in Madeira Island]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Da Clivagem Fundiária à Política Contenciosa - o Papel Interligado da Hierarquia da Igreja Católica e da Política na Ilha da Madeira]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Lusófona  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>23</numero>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2795-47572025000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2795-47572025000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2795-47572025000100017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article explores the protest events that evolved and led to popular mobilization in the Madeira Island. The long-lasting contentious tension and collective resistance amongst the local community (Ribeira Seca, Machico) vs. the Catholic Church hierarchy and regional power structures, during ex-ante and post-democratic periods were exposed throughout a process-based approach. It illuminates the waves and cycle of protest events by putting in place the historical and political context; the relation amongst the actors (institutional vs. non-institutional) involved; the mechanisms that linked those events; the claim-making and its repertoires of action, and the outcomes of contention. How does land-tenure cleavage structured politics in the Madeira Island? The findings suggest that the protests which evolved locally (Ribeira Seca, Machico) were driven by historical and territorial context and the interaction of institutional and non-institutional actors paved way to the cycles of contestation. In addition, the paths under which democratization took place and institutional dynamics, were shaped by those processes at the regional level. This article constitutes an important contribute to the understanding of the processual roots and the mechanisms that contributed to popular mobilization in Madeira Island. It also illuminate the causal pathways of Madeira Island political system over the last century, in particular the implication of the pre-existing structures to democratization and the pattern of regional democracy that we have today.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este artigo explora os eventos de protesto que evoluíram e levaram à mobilização popular na Ilha da Madeira. A tensão contenciosa duradoura e a resistência coletiva entre a comunidade local (Ribeira Seca, Machico) versus a hierarquia da Igreja Católica e as estruturas de poder regionais, durante os períodos ex ante e pós-democrático, foram expostas através de uma abordagem baseada em processos. O artigo ilumina as ondas e o ciclo dos eventos de protesto, pondo em prática o contexto histórico e político; a relação entre os atores (institucionais vs. não institucionais) envolvidos; os mecanismos que ligaram estes eventos; a reivindicação e os seus repertórios de ação, e os resultados da disputa. Como é que a clivagem fundiária estruturou a política na Ilha da Madeira? Os resultados sugerem que os protestos que evoluíram localmente (Ribeira Seca, Machico) foram impulsionados pelo contexto histórico e territorial, e a interação de atores institucionais e não institucionais abriu caminho para os ciclos de contestação. Além disso, os caminhos pelos quais a democratização ocorreu e a dinâmica institucional foram moldados por estes processos a nível regional. Este artigo constitui um importante contributo para a compreensão das raízes processuais e dos mecanismos que contribuíram para a mobilização popular na Ilha da Madeira. Ilumina também os caminhos causais do sistema político da Ilha da Madeira ao longo do último século, em particular a implicação das estruturas preexistentes para a democratização e o padrão de democracia regional que temos hoje.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[contentious politics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Madeira Island]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regional democracy.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[política contenciosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ilha da Madeira]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[democracia regional.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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