<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2183-8453</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional online]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[RPSO]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2183-8453</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ajeogene Serviços Médicos Lda]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2183-84532019000200035</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31252/rpso.19.10.2019</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[SOLVENTES E HIPOACUSIA- QUAL A EVIDÊNCIA?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[SOLVENTS AND HYPOACUSIA- WHAT IS THE EVIDENCE?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional online  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Católica Portuguesa Escola de Enfermagem Instituto da Ciências da Saúde]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escola Superior de Saúde Vale do Ave  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Católica Portuguesa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>31</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>31</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<fpage>S99</fpage>
<lpage>S107</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2183-84532019000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2183-84532019000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2183-84532019000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO  Introdução/ Enquadramento/ Objetivos: Os Solventes estão associados a inúmeros danos para a saúde, nomeadamente perda de audição. Contudo, a lista de elementos, dentro desta família de agentes químicos, que tem esta capacidade em humanos não está claramente definida. Pretende-se, com esta revisão, descrever quais os Solventes associados à Hipoacusia e quais as particularidades envolvidas.  Metodologia: Trata-se de uma Scoping Review, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2019 nas bases de dados &#8220;CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS e RCAAP&#8221;.  Conteúdo: O efeito ototóxico abarca alterações auditivas centrais e vestibulares, por mecanismo associado a stress oxidativo. A hipoacusia associada é mais percetível a nível das frequências mais elevadas. O efeito ototóxico destes agentes está melhor estudado em animais, nomeadamente várias espécies de roedores. Para além disso, na generalidade dos estudos em animais, o agente químico geralmente é apresentado com concentração elevada e por curto espaço de tempo, situação essa oposta à generalidade das exposições ocupacionais. Acredita-se que Ruido e Solventes, em relação à Hipoacusia, apresentem sinergia; mesmo para níveis inferiores aos defendidos como máximos toleráveis, pelas instituições adequadas.  Discussão e Conclusões : Observa-se que a falta de consistência metodológica nos estudos encontrados não permite generalizar os resultados, impossibilitando a produção de evidência que oriente irrefutavelmente a prática clínica. Aliás, há também uma suscetibilidade individual diferente e parte dos estudos foi realizada em animais, alguns dos quais com cateterísticas metabólicas muito distintas dos humanos. Por vezes, a concentração e o tempo de exposição utilizados nessas investigações também não foram equivalentes aos que existem na generalidade dos postos de trabalho (foram exposições mais curtas, mas mais intensas, na maioria dos casos). Enquanto tais conclusões não forem publicadas e aceites consensualmente pela comunidade científica, talvez fosse sensato considerar que os níveis máximos permitidos de Ruido e Solventes estejam já num patamar de risco, pelo que deverá ocorrer esforço, a nível de medidas de proteção coletiva e individual, para minimizar estas exposições.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction / Objectives: Solvents are associated with numerous damages to the health, namely hearing loss. However, the list of elements in this family of chemical agents that has this capability in humans is not clearly defined. This review aims to describe which Solvents are associated with Hypoacusis and which particularities are involved.  Methodology: It is a Scoping Review, initiated in april of 2019, in the databases "CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina, Academic Search Ultimate, Science Direct, Web of Science, SCOPUS and RCAAP.  Content: The ototoxic effect includes central auditory and vestibular alterations, due to mechanisms associated with oxidative stress. The related hearing loss is more noticeable at the higher frequencies level. The ototoxic effect of these agents is best studied in animals, including several rodent species. Moreover, in most animal studies, the chemical agent is usually presented with high concentration and for a short time, a situation that is opposite to most occupational exposures. It is believed that noise and solvents, in relation to hearing loss, present synergy; even at levels lower than those defended as tolerable maximums, by the appropriate institutions.  Discussion and Conclusions: It is observed that the lack of methodological consistency in the studies found does not allow generalizing the results, making it impossible to produce evidence that irrefutably guides clinical practice. Incidentally, there is also a different individual susceptibility and some of the studies have been performed on animals, some of which have very different metabolic catheteristics from humans. In some cases, the concentration and exposure time used in these investigations were also not equivalent to those in most jobs (they were shorter but more intense, in most cases). As long as such conclusions are not published and accepted upon by the scientific community, it may be sensible to consider that the maximum permissible levels of noise and solvents are already at a level of risk, and therefore efforts should be made, at collective and individual protection measures, to minimize these exposures.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[hipoacusia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[solventes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ruido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[saúde ocupacional e medicina do trabalho]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hypoacusis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[solvents]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[noise]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[occupational health and occupational medicine]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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