<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2183-3575</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicação e Sociedade]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Comunicação e Sociedade]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2183-3575</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade - Universidade do Minho]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2183-35752026000102001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17231/comsoc.49(2026).6781</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Digital Citizenship, Territorial Inequality and Protest Visibility: Tamil Nadu's Kudankulam and Thoothukudi Struggles]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Cidadania Digital, Desigualdade Territorial e Visibilidade do Protesto: As Lutas de Kudankulam e Thoothukudi, em Tamil Nadu]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[J]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joynes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dwivedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ashish Kumar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,XIM University School of Communications ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bhubaneswar ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2183-35752026000102001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2183-35752026000102001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2183-35752026000102001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract A digital presence is crucial for civic recognition since globalisation and digitalisation have altered how regions are portrayed. This article examines two environmental justice movements in the same state in Tamil Nadu, India: the Kudankulam anti-nuclear resistance movement and the Thoothukudi anti-Sterlite resistance movement. The study employs a mixed-methods design, including a quantitative analysis of 400 social media posts (200 from each protest) and qualitative audience interviews. The analysis reveals disparate levels of engagement on digital platforms. The Thoothukudi protest had broad attention through arresting images of police violence disseminated by verified accounts in India. In comparison, the Kudankulam protest was constrained by technical issues given its rural and coastal location. The quantitative analysis reveals that emotion, rather than logic, is an essential factor in engagement. Qualitative analysis shows that the origin of a protest, whether rural or urban, influences how people assess its importance and whether they believe it deserves attention online. By demonstrating how protest movements shape the audience&#8217;s perceptions of a place as either marginal &#8220;anti-development&#8221; spaces or cosmopolitan centres of resistance, the study contributes to the epistemic discussion on digital communication practices and territorial branding. It argues that communicative justice and environmental justice are inextricably linked, emphasising the need for inclusive representational tactics that balance democratic citizenship, fairness, and territorial branding.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A presença digital é determinante para o reconhecimento cívico, dado que a globalização e a digitalização alteraram a forma como as regiões são representadas. Este artigo examina dois movimentos de justiça ambiental no mesmo estado, Tamil Nadu, na Índia: o movimento de resistência antinuclear de Kudankulam e o movimento de resistência anti-Sterlite de Thoothukudi. O estudo recorre a um desenho metodológico misto, incluindo uma análise quantitativa de 400 publicações em redes sociais (200 de cada protesto) e entrevistas qualitativas com o público. A análise revela diferenças significativas ao nível de envolvimento nas plataformas digitais. O protesto de Thoothukudi recebeu ampla atenção devido a imagens marcantes de violência policial, divulgadas por contas verificadas na Índia. Em comparação, o protesto de Kudankulam foi condicionado por questões técnicas, dado o seu contexto rural e costeiro. A análise quantitativa sugere que o envolvimento depende mais da emoção do que da lógica. A análise qualitativa mostra que a origem de um protesto, seja rural ou urbana, influencia o modo como as pessoas avaliam a sua importância e a relevância que lhe atribuem online. Ao evidenciar como os movimentos de protesto moldam a perceção do público sobre os locais - seja como espaços marginais &#8220;antidesenvolvimento&#8221; ou como núcleos cosmopolitas de resistência -, o estudo contribui para a discussão epistemológica sobre práticas de comunicação digital e branding territorial. Sustenta que a justiça comunicativa e a justiça ambiental estão intrinsecamente ligadas, sublinhando a necessidade de estratégias de representação inclusivas que equilibrem cidadania democrática, equidade e branding territorial.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[digital communication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[citizenship]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[territorial branding]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental justice]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tamil Nadu]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[comunicação digital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cidadania]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[branding territorial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[justiça ambiental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Tamil Nadu]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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