<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2183-1351</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Radiológica Portuguesa]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Radiol Port]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2183-1351</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Radiologia e Medicina Nuclear]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2183-13512025000100005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25748/arp.40154</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Divergências entre a Legislação Portuguesa e Europeia na Protecção Radiológica das Mulheres Grávidas e Lactantes - Justificação Científica ou Discriminação?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Divergences between Portuguese and European Legislation on Radiological Protection of Pregnant and Lactating Women - Scientific Justification or Discrimination?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lourenço]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Celina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto FG, EPE (IPO-Porto) Serviço de Física Médica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto FG, EPE (IPO-Porto) Centro Investigação ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade do Porto Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2183-13512025000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2183-13512025000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2183-13512025000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A legislação atualmente em vigor em Portugal, relativa ao regime jurídico da promoção da segurança e saúde no trabalho, veda totalmente à trabalhadora grávida, puérpera ou lactante a realização de atividades em que possa estar exposta a radiações ionizantes, independentemente do nível de exposição, contrariando outros diplomas nacionais e internacionais, bem como todas a evidências científicas. De facto, os diplomas europeus relativos à proteção radiológica dos trabalhadores, bem como diplomas nacionais associados, não inviabilizam que as trabalhadoras em causa continuem a trabalhar num ambiente com radiação ionizante, não obstante terem especial atenção com a proteção do nascituro ou criança e exigirem uma análise rigorosa de riscos, com uma definição clara de limites de exposição. Com este trabalho pretende-se apresentar uma perspetiva histórica regulamentar europeia e nacional e investigar a origem deste desalinhamento, ponderando ainda acerca de outras abordagens legislativas e práticas internacionais, e destacando a necessidade da abordagem e clarificação do tema no nosso país.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The legislation currently in force in Portugal, relating to the legal framework for the promotion of safety and health of workers at work, completely prohibits pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding, regardless of the exposure level, from carrying out activities in which they may be exposed to ionizing radiation, contrary to other national and international legislation. as well as current scientific evidence. In fact, European diplomas relating to the radiological protection of workers, as well as related national diplomas, don&#8217;t prevent the workers in question from continuing to work with ionizing radiation, despite paying special attention to the protection of the unborn child and requiring a rigorous risk analysis, with a clear definition of exposure limits. This work aims to present a historical perspective of European and national regulations and investigate the origin of this misalignment, also considering other legislative approaches and international practices, and highlighting the need to address and clarify the issue in our country.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Proteção radiológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Física médica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Exposição ocupacional.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Radiation protection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Medical physics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Occupational exposure.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Tiggelen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Since 1895, orthopaedic surgery needs X-ray imaging: a historical overview from discovery to computed tomography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JBR-BTR]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<page-range>204-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>ICRP</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pregnancy and Medical Radiation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ICRP Publication 84. Ann. ICRP]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>30</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diretiva 92/85/CEE do Conselho, de 19 de Outubro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jornal Oficial]]></source>
<year>28/1</year>
<month>1/</month>
<day>19</day>
<page-range>0001-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diretiva 80/836/Euratom, de 15 de Julho de 1980]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<numero>173</numero>
<issue>173</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto-Lei nº 139-D/2023, de 29 de dezembro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>250</numero>
<issue>250</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lei nº. 3/2014, de 28 de janeiro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Portal ACT</collab>
<source><![CDATA[A área da segurança e saúde no trabalho e da inspeção das condições de trabalho em Portugal - registo histórico]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto n.º 14535, de 31 de Outubro de 1927]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário do Govêrno]]></source>
<year>1927</year>
<numero>245</numero>
<issue>245</issue>
<page-range>2161-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Portaria n.º 186/73, de 13 de Março]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário do Governo]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<numero>61</numero>
<issue>61</issue>
<page-range>422-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Rita]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[O Trabalho Feminino e os seus Condicionalismos durante o Estado Novo (1933-1974)]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FLUC]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto-Lei n.º 44060, de 25 de novembro de 1961]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário do Governo]]></source>
<year>1961</year>
<numero>274</numero>
<issue>274</issue>
<page-range>1477-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto-Lei n.º 49408, de 24 de novembro de 1969.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário do Governo]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<numero>275</numero>
<issue>275</issue>
<page-range>1670-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lei n.º 4/84, de 5 de abril]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<numero>81</numero>
<issue>81</issue>
<page-range>1149-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diretiva 89/391/CEE do Conselho, de 12 de Junho de 1989]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<numero>183</numero>
<issue>183</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diretiva 2007/30/CE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 20 de Junho de 2007]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jornal Oficial da União Europeia]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>165</numero>
<issue>165</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diretiva 2014/27/UE do Parlamento Europeu e do Conselho, de 26 de fevereiro de 2014]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jornal Oficial da União Europeia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>065</numero>
<issue>065</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto-Lei n.º 441/91, de 14 de Novembro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<numero>262</numero>
<issue>262</issue>
<page-range>5826-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lei n.º 17/95, de 9 de junho]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<numero>134</numero>
<issue>134</issue>
<page-range>3754-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Portaria n.º 229/96, de 26 de Junho]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<numero>146</numero>
<issue>146</issue>
<page-range>1622-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto-Lei n.º 348/89, de 12 de outubro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<numero>235</numero>
<issue>235</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto-Reg. n.º 9/90, de 19 de Abril]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<numero>91</numero>
<issue>91</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diretiva 96/29/Euratom, de 13 de Maio de 1996]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<numero>159</numero>
<issue>159</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto-Lei nº 222/2008, de 17 de Novembro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>223</numero>
<issue>223</issue>
<page-range>8000-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diretiva 2013/59/Euratom, de 5 de Dezembro de 2013]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jornal Oficial da União Europeia]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>013</numero>
<issue>013</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decreto-Lei nº 108/2018, de 3 de dezembro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>232</numero>
<issue>232</issue>
<page-range>5490-543</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lei n.º 35/2004, de 29 de julho]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>177</numero>
<issue>177</issue>
<page-range>4810-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Portugal</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lei n.º 102/2009, de 10 de setembro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Diário da República]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>176</numero>
<issue>176</issue>
<page-range>6167-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schueler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silberzweig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Occupational radiation protection of pregnant or potentially pregnant workers in IR: a joint guideline of the Society of Interventional Radiology and the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Vasc Interv Radiol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>171-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ARPANSA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Occupational exposure: management of pregnant workers]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Government of Canada</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Occupational radiation exposure, about occupational radiation exposure - Canada]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juliebø-Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pietropaolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spinoit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guðbrandsdottir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beisland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rules and regulations for a pregnant endourologist: the european perspective.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Urol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>857-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lendoiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiación ocupacional y embarazo: realidad o desinformación. Revisión en la literatura y actualización según guías clínicas vigentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiología]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>128-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Direção Geral de Saúde</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa Nacional de Saúde Ocupacional - Pergunta frequente 40/2017]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miodownik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[St Germain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Radiological protection for pregnant women at a large academic medical cancer center]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Phys Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>186-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
