<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-671X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina Interna]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina Interna]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-671X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedade Portuguesa de Medicina Interna]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-671X2024000400016</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24950/rspmi.2513</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Proton Pump Inhibitors Prescription Patterns: A Retrospective Analysis of Internal Medicine Wards Admissions of a Tertiary Hospital]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Padrões de Prescrição de Inibidores da Bomba de Protões: Uma Análise Retrospetiva das Admissões em Enfermarias de Medicina Interna de um Hospital Terciário]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Borges]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simões]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fortuna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Local Health Unit of Coimbra Department of Gastroenterology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Local Health Unit of Coimbra Department of Internal Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Coimbra ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>16</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-671X2024000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-671X2024000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-671X2024000400016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have revolutionized the treatment of various medical conditions, including gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. Due to their affordability, widespread availability, and favorable safety profile, they are among the most commonly prescribed medications today. However, they are often prescribed without a valid medical reason, a practice that can be observed in up to 80% of cases.  Methods:  A retrospective study was conducted with the primary objective of assessing the proportion of patients on PPIs and the presence or absence of a valid indication for their use. Additionally, we examined whether PPI usage had any impact on hospitalization duration and mortality. Finally, a brief cost analysis of these medications was performed. The study was carried out using a sample of patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital over nine months in internal medicine wards. Electronic records were consulted to collect pertinent information.  Results:  A total of 164 patients, with an average age of 82.7 ± 10.6 years, were assessed. The mean length of hospitalization was 12.7 ± 10.0 days. Approximately 61% of patients on PPIs lacked a valid indication for their use, while approximately one-fifth of patients not on PPIs had a valid indication. In both patient groups, the most common indication for PPI usage was prophylaxis in high-risk patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). PPIs did not demonstrate any influence on the length of hospitalization or mortality. On average, each patient on PPIs spent &#8364;25.8 per year, contributing to an unnecessary total public funds expenditure of &#8364;679.1 in the assessed sample.  Conclusion:  Considering the advanced age of the individuals, many of them were taking NSAIDs or antiplatelet agents, which is likely the reason for PPI prescription even in the absence of a valid indication. Various efforts have been made to implement measures to reverse this prescribing trend, with some showing effectiveness, notably educational outreach visits.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  Os inibidores da bomba de protões (IBPs) são fármacos que revolucionaram o tratamento de diversas patologias, nomeadamente doença do refluxo gastro esofágico e doença ulcerosa péptica. Pelo seu baixo custo, fácil acesso e adequado perfil de segurança são dos fármacos mais prescritos na atualidade, embora muitas vezes na ausência de indicação válida, o que pode acontecer em até 80% dos casos.  Métodos:  Foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo cujo principal objetivo foi avaliar a proporção de doentes sob IBP e a existência ou não de indicação para a sua toma. Adicionalmente, avaliou-se se a toma de IBP teria influência no tempo de internamento e mortalidade. Por fim, foi realizada uma pequena análise de custos da toma destes fármacos. O estudo foi realizado numa amostra de doentes admitidos num hospital universitário terciário num período de nove meses em enfermarias de Medicina Interna. Foram consultados os registos eletrónicos para colheita de informação relevante.  Resultados:  Foram avaliados 164 doentes com uma idade média de 82,7 ± 10,6 anos. O tempo de internamento médio foi de 12,7 ± 10,0 dias. Cerca de 61% dos doentes sob IBP não tinham qualquer indicação válida para a sua toma, e cerca de um quinto dos doentes sem IBP tinham indicação. Nestes dois grupos de doentes, a indicação mais frequente para a sua toma era a profilaxia em doentes de alto risco sob anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs). Os IBPs não mostraram ter qualquer influência no tempo de iEm média, cada doente sob IBP gastou &#8364;25,8 por ano, contribuindo para o gasto de &#8364;679,1 de dinheiro público na amostra avaliada.  Conclusão:  Dado a idade avançada dos indivíduos, muitos deles faziam AINEs ou anti-plaquetários, sendo esta a provável razão a prescrição de IBP embora sem indicação. Muitos têm sido os esforços na tentativa de implementar medidas para in-verter esta tendência de prescrição, havendo algumas que têm mostrado eficácia nomeadamente visitas de divulgação educacionais.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Inappropriate Prescribing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Practice Patterns, Physicians]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Proton Pump Inhibitors/economics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Inibidores da Bomba de Protões/economia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Inibidores da Bomba de Protões/uso terapêutico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Padrões de Prática Médica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Prescrição Inapropriada.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Connelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The development and safety of proton pump inhibitors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pharm]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>296</volume>
<page-range>doi</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gamelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salvado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prescription Pattern of Proton Pump Inhibitors at Hospital Admission and Discharge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GE Port J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>114-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Argüelles-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Safe use of proton-pump inhibitors.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Enferm Dig]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<page-range>475-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luetzenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Practice patterns of reflux medication prescriptions in otolaryngology compared to other specialties]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Laryngoscope]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<page-range>321-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xavier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magalhães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cotter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Proton Pump Inhibitors Are They a Real Threat to the Patient?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GE Port J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>243-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savarino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dulbecco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savarino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are proton pump inhibitors really so dangerous]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dig Liver Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>851-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Targownik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[AGA Clinical Practice Update on De-Prescribing of Proton Pump Inhibitors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Exp Rev Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>162</volume>
<page-range>1334-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Infarmed - Autoridade Nacional do Medicamento e Produtos de Saúde I. P.</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guia dos Genéricos: Guia dos Preços de Referência]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inappropriate prevention of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal events among long-term users in the elderly]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drugs Aging]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>121-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kauldher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Targownik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physicians&amp;apos; approaches to the use of gastroprotective strategies in low-risk non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug users]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>1365-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Proton pump inhibitors and risk of liver cancer and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease a systematic review and meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<page-range>851-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tvingsholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dehlendorff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Østerlind]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jäättelä]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Proton pump inhibitor use and cancer mortality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Cancer]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>143</volume>
<page-range>1315-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shiraev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Heart Lung]]></article-title>
<collab>Bullen A proton pump inhibitors and cardiovascular events: a systematic review</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Circ]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>443-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tazare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williamson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tomlinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Proton pump inhibitors and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality A cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Clin Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<page-range>3150-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gastroenterology]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>163</volume>
<page-range>852-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Vliet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rudolphus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knoester]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoogsteden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuipers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inappropriate prescription of proton pump inhibitors on two pulmonary medicine wards]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>608-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Vliet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steyerberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rudolphus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knoester]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoogsteden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of guideline implementation for proton pump inhibitor prescription on two pulmonary medicine wards]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aliment Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>213-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Légaré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turcot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harvey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGowan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Printed educational materials effects on professional practice and health care outcomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>CD004398</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flodgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parmelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doumit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gattellari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimshaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Local opinion leaders effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;CD000125. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000125.pub4]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>CD000125</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamtvedt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kristoffersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oxman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Audit and feedback effects on professional practice and health care outcomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>CD000259</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamtvedt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oxman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Odgaard-Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kristoffersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Educational outreach visits effects on professional practice and health care outcomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cochrane Database Syst Rev]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>2007</volume>
<page-range>CD000409</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dory]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gourieux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Évaluation de l'implantation d'un processus de dé-prescription des inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons (IPP) à l'aide d'un algorithme au sein d'un service de médecine interne]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Med Interne]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>535-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>By the 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria(r) Update Expert Panel</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria(r) for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Geriatr Soc]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>674-94</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&amp;apos;Mahony]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cherubini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guiteras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denkinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beuscart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Onder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people version 3]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Geriatr Med]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>625-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
