<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0872-0754</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nascer e Crescer]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0872-0754</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro Hospitalar do Porto]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0872-07542023000400289</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25753/birthgrowthmj.v32.i4.27860</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Caffeine for preterm infants: a narrative review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Cafeína para recém-nascidos pré-termo: revisão narrativa]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João Department of Neonatology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Porto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>289</fpage>
<lpage>298</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0872-07542023000400289&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0872-07542023000400289&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0872-07542023000400289&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Caffeine is an adenosine receptor antagonist used to prevent or treat apnea of prematurity in the neonatal period and is now the standard of care for very low birth weight infants. Caffeine is a widely used stimulant that has been shown to reduce the duration of assisted ventilation and oxygen therapy in the short term, as well as the rate of treatment for patent ductus arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In the longer term, it improves expiratory airflow in children and has benefits for respiratory health. These results are due to several effects of caffeine. It stimulates the respiratory center in the brain stem and improves diaphragm contractility. In addition, caffeine protects against lung inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory amnionitis and has direct effects on pneumocytes and pulmonary angiogenesis, thereby reducing hyperoxia-induced lung injury. It also has antifibrotic activity in lung tissue. Caffeine improves survival without neurodevelopmental disability at 18 months and has demonstrated long-term safety up to 11 years of age. The present article is a non-exhaustive review of useful information about one of the most commonly used drugs in neonatal medicine.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A cafeína é um antagonista do recetor de adenosina usado para prevenir ou tratar a apneia da prematuridade no período neonatal e é atualmente o tratamento de eleição em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso. A cafeína é um estimulante amplamente utilizado, que demonstrou reduzir a duração da ventilação mecânica e da oxigenoterapia a curto prazo, para além das taxas de tratamento da persistência do canal arterial e da displasia broncopulmonar. A longo prazo, melhora o fluxo expiratório e associa-se a benefícios respiratórios. Estes resultados devem-se a vários efeitos da cafeína, nomeadamente estimulação do centro respiratório no tronco cerebral e melhoria da contratilidade diafragmática, proteção contra a inflamação pulmonar causada pela corioamnionite pró-inflamatória induzida por lipopolissacarídeos e efeitos diretos nos pneumócitos e na angiogénese pulmonar, reduzindo a lesão pulmonar induzida por hiperóxia. Para além disso, possui atividade antifibrótica no tecido pulmonar. A cafeína associa-se a uma melhoria da sobrevida sem alterações do neurodesenvolvimento aos 18 meses e segurança a longo prazo até os 11 anos de idade. Neste artigo, é feita uma revisão não exaustiva de informação útil sobre um dos medicamentos mais utilizados em medicina neonatal.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[apnea of prematurity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bronchopulmonary dysplasia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[caffeine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[methylxanthine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pharmacology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[preterm infant]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[apneia da prematuridade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cafeína]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[displasia broncopulmonar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[farmacologia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[metilxantina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[recém-nascido pré-termo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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