<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0430-5027</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Finisterra - Revista Portuguesa de Geografia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Finisterra]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0430-5027</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudos Geográficos]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0430-50272022000200007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18055/finis25938</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Border disputes in southern Portugal and Spain in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Conflitos fronteiriços no sul de Portugal e Espanha nos séculos XIX e XX.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Conflits frontaliers dans la région sud entre l&#8217;Espagne et le Portugal aux XIXème et XXème siecles.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Conflictos fronterizos en la parte meridional entre España y Portugal en los siglos XIX y XX.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Department of Humanities: Geography, History and Art ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>120</numero>
<fpage>7</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0430-50272022000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0430-50272022000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0430-50272022000200007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article focuses on the construction of the border between Portugal and Spain on the Iberian Peninsula in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the subsequent appearance of cross border conflicts in the southern part of the two countries. A base typology is created by observing that most disputes, especially in Europe, have common characteristics. Against that background, the article unfolds in two directions. First, it focuses on border theory and the concepts that define border disputes. Second, by extension, it addresses the case of the Portuguese-Spanish border and the actors involved in making the boundary between Portugal and Spain. Border disputes arising in light of the border&#8217;s historical context are examined as are their resolution. On the one hand, the article highlights how nineteenth century borders resulted from the emergence of governments&#8217; concern for sovereignty. On the other, governments sought not only to define linear borders but also to end illegitimate activities intensified on the border and to ensure power over their territories.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este artigo aborda a construção da fronteira entre Portugal e Espanha na Península Ibérica nos séculos XIX e XX e o consequente aparecimento de alguns conflitos transfronteiriços na parte sul de ambos os países. Tendo-se observado que a maioria dos conflitos, especialmente na Europa, têm características comuns, criou-se uma tipologia base. Neste contexto, o artigo desenvolve-se em duas direções. Em primeiro lugar, é apresentada a teoria das fronteiras, bem como os conceitos que definem os conflitos fronteiriços. Em segundo, por extensão, discute-se o caso da fronteira luso-espanhola e dos atores envolvidos na delimitação da fronteira entre Portugal e Espanha. O artigo examina ainda o contexto histórico da fronteira e dos conflitos, apresentando posteriormente à sua resolução final. Discute-se, assim, o modo como as fronteiras do século XIX resultaram da preocupação dos governos com a sua soberania. Por outro lado, desmonta-se a teoria segundo a qual os governos procuraram apenas definir uma fronteira linear, mas também buscaram pôr fim a atividades ilegítimas concentradas na fronteira para assim assegurar o poder sobre os seus territórios.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé Cet article porte sur les questions relatives à la construction de la frontière entre le Portugal et l&#8217;Espagne dans la péninsule ibérique entre le XIXème et le XXème siècle et sur l&#8217;apparition de conflits transfrontaliers dans la région sud de chaque pays. En observant que la plupart des conflits, en particulier en Europe a des traits communs, une typologie de base a été créée. Par conséquent, nous pouvons diviser notre article en deux parties. Dans un premier temps, nous développons la théorie des frontières, ainsi que les concepts qui définissent les conflits transfrontaliers. Dans un second temps, nous discutons la création de la frontière hispano-portugaise et les acteurs impliqués dans sa délimitation. Nous étudions le contexte historique de cette frontière ainsi que le contexte historique des conflits jusqu&#8217;à sa résolution finale. D&#8217;un côté, l&#8217;article met en valeur comment les frontières du XIXème siècle naissent de l&#8217;inquiétude des gouvernants pour le contrôle la souveraineté. D&#8217;un autre côté, il démonte la théorie d&#8217;une frontière linéale et met l&#8217;accent sur l&#8217;intérêt des gouvernements de finir avec toutes les activités non légitimes transfrontalières et pouvoir ainsi assurer le pouvoir dans leur territoires.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo se centra en la construcción de la frontera entre Portugal y España en la península ibérica en los siglos XIX y XX y en la consecuente aparición de algunos conflictos transfronterizos en la parte meridional de ambos países. Se crea una tipología base al observarse que la mayoría de los conflictos, especialmente en Europa, se rigen bajo unas características comunes. En ese contexto, el artículo se desarrolla en dos direcciones. En primer lugar, se expone la teoría de fronteras y los conceptos que definen los conflictos fronterizos. En segundo lugar, por extensión, se aborda el caso de la frontera hispano-portuguesa y los actores involucrados en la delimitación fronteriza entre Portugal y España. Se examinan los conflictos fronterizos que surgen a la luz del contexto histórico de la frontera, así como su resolución. Por un lado, el artículo destaca cómo las fronteras del siglo XIX resultaron del surgimiento de la preocupación de los gobiernos por la soberanía. Y, por otro lado, se desmonta la teoría de que los gobiernos sólo buscaran definir una frontera lineal, sino que también pretendían acabar con las actividades ilegítimas que se acentuaban en la frontera y asegurar así, el poder sobre sus territorios.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Border studies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[historical studies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[boundary delimitation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[conflicts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Olivenza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Estudos de fronteira]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[estudos históricos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[delimitação de fronteiras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[conflitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Olivença]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Études transfrontalières]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[études historiques]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[délimitation des frontières]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[conflits]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Olivenza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estudios fronterizos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estudios históricos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[delimitación fronteriza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conflictos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Olivenza]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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