<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2182-3030</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CIDADES, Comunidades e Territórios]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[CIDADES]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2182-3030</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[DINÂMIA'CET-IUL, Centro de Estudos sobre a Mudança Socioeconómica e o Território]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2182-30302025000100019</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15847/cct.38003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Towards a sustainable future for ecclesiastical heritage]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindblad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henrik]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Uppsala University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Sweden</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>sp25</numero>
<fpage>19</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2182-30302025000100019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2182-30302025000100019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2182-30302025000100019&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Sweden is, according to the World Values Survey, one of the world&#8217;s most secularised and modernised countries. In this changing society, the Church of Sweden, until 2000 a part of the State, is responsible for 3,400 well-kept historic church buildings and cemeteries. However, the Church loses more than 80,000 members every year and the active churchgoers as well as the economy is in decline, causing redundant and closed churches. This development is comparable with other countries in Europe, though the Swedish ecclesiastical heritage still enjoys strong legal protection and receives a large annual financial compensation from the State for its conservation. The article shows that the legal and financial framework governing the ecclesiastical heritage is based on a partly outdated expert-oriented and material-based conservation approach with origins in an even older nineteenth-century antiquarian discourse. Instead of supporting the revitalisation of many redundant churches as societal resources, the system encourages well-maintained churches without living use: &#8220;zombie-churches&#8221;. It is relevant to ask how many of these historic churches can remain accessible to the public in the future? To keep the churches open, can extended or new secular uses, benefitting local communities, be developed and promoted? To achieve desired progress towards a holistic, dynamic and inclusive ecclesiastical heritage, several measures are proposed. My recommendations include identification and synchronisation of heritage discourses in cultural heritage practices and policies, reviewing and updating of the antiquarian system, and strengthening of professional competences in adapted reuse of historic churches as catalysts for sustainable development.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[secularisation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[churches]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heritage legislation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[redundancy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sustainable development]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beckman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Svenska kyrkan - ett nationellt kulturminne]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillström]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Löfgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wetterberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Alla dessa kyrkor: kulturvård, religion och politik]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>103-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[God is Dead: Secularization in the West]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Blackwell]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bäckström]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Edgardh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pettersson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Religiös förändring i norra Europa: en studie av Sverige: &#8221;från statskyrka till fri folkkyrka&#8221;: slutrapport]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Uppsala ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diakonivetenskapliga institutet]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[How do we keep our parish churches? The Ecclesiological Society 2004]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gustafsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conservation 3.0 - Cultural Heritage as a driver for regional growth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SCIentific RESearch and Information Technology Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologie dell&#8217;Informazione]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>21-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagevi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De postsekulära generationerna]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weibull]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Det nya Sverige: trettiosju kapitel om politik, medier och samhälle: SOM-undersökningen 2006]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Göteborg ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SOM-institutet, Göteborgs universitet]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isaksson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindblad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Persson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Svensk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tusen år till: glimtar från kulturarvet i Svenska kyrkan. 1. uppl]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Stockholm ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Verbum]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindblad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Living or (un)Dead? - The Wellbeing of Swedish Ecclesiastical Heritage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Scientific Conference Religious and Pilgrimage Sites - Conservation Challenges. Florence, Italy, February 28-March 1, 2019. ICOMOS]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindblad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Living Religious Heritage and Continuous Use]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niglio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regenerating Cultural Religious Heritage: Intercultural Dialogue on Places of Religion and Rituals]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Singapore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindblad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Kyrkliga kulturarv i en ny tid: samlade studier och reflektioner]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Uppsala universitet]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindblad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New policies and practices to revive redundant churches]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poulios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Living Heritage - Principles, Policies, and Governance]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindblad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eriksson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gustafsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caroli Church. A Resource for Urban Regeneration?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Esempi di Architettura, International Journal of Architecture and Engineering. EdA]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>73-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindblad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Löfgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Religious buildings in transition. An international comparison]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<month>/2</month>
<day>01</day>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Gothenburg, Department of Conservation]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindblad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Löfgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Europas religiösa byggnader i förändring]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillström]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Löfgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wetterberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Alla dessa kyrkor: kulturvård, religion och politik]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Göteborg ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Institutionen för kulturvård, Göteborgs universitet]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Prop. 1995/96:80. Ändrade relationer mellan staten och Svenska kyrkan]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Prop. 1998/99:38. Staten och trossamfunden - begravningsverksamheten, kulturminnena, personalen, avgiftsbetalningen, m.m.]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[SFS 1988:950. Kulturmiljölag]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[SFS 1998:1591. Lag om Svenska kyrkan]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Uses of Heritage]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Svenska kyrkan</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gemensamt ansvar - en utredning om fastigheter, kyrkor och utjämningssystem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Svenska kyrkans utredningar]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>1</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Svenska kyrkan</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Mötesplatser i tiden: Svenska kyrkans redovisning till regeringen angående de kyrkoantikvariska frågorna inför kontrollstationen 2019]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Uppsala ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Svenska kyrkan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Svenska kyrkan</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Website, statistics]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Svenska kyrkan</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Website, membership, economy]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Svenska kyrkan</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Svenska kyrkans redovisning för år 2023 angående de kyrkliga kulturvärdena och användningen av den kyrkoantikvariska ersättningen. Svenska kyrkans rapport till Kulturdepartementet]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Uppsala ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Svenska kyrkan]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Svenska kyrkan</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Kyrkoordning för Svenska kyrkan, Lydelse 1 januari 2024]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wetterberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Churches Conservation Trust i England]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hillström]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Löfgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wetterberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Alla dessa kyrkor: kulturvård, religion och politik]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Göteborg ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Institutionen för kulturvård, Göteborgs universitet]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>World Values Survey</collab>
<source><![CDATA[WVS Cultural Map: 2023 Version]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Överenskommelse mellan staten och Svenska kyrkan i frågor som rör de kulturhistoriska värdena inom Svenska kyrkan. Regeringskansliet. Dnr Ku2000/470/Ka]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
