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Revista de Ciências Agrárias

Print version ISSN 0871-018X

Rev. de Ciências Agrárias vol.32 no.1 Lisboa Jan. 2009

 

Práticas alternativas de correcção da clorose férrica em citrinos

New strategies to control iron chlorosis in citrus

M. Pestana1, P.J. Correia1, A. de Varennes2 & E.A. Faria1

 

RESUMO

A correcção da clorose férrica em fruteiras instaladas em solos calcários faz-se frequentemente recorrendo a aplicações massivas de quelatos férricos sintéticos ao solo. No entanto, a aquisição destes quelatos é muito dispendiosa e o ferro aplicado num ano não previne o aparecimento da clorose no ano seguinte, e estas aplicações repetemse anualmente para o mesmo pomar.

Com o presente trabalho pretende-se fazer uma revisão sobre o actual estado de conhecimentos relativo às práticas alternativas de correcção da clorose férrica e apresentar os resultado obtidos em ensaios realizados em campo onde se testou a aplicação foliar de diversos compostos em citrinos estabelecidos num solo calcário.

A capacidade de recuperação das árvores foi estimada pelo aparelho SPAD-502 através da variação da concentração foliar de clorofila total entre o início e o final dos ensaios. No final dos ensaios foi ainda analisado o efeito dos tratamentos na composição mineral das flores. Simultaneamente, avaliou-se a duração dos efeitos de algumas das pulverizações efectuadas.

Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as aplicações foliares de ferro em pomares de citrinos permitem controlar os decréscimos de produção e de qualidade do fruto motivados pela clorose férrica induzida pelo calcário. Além disso, estes tratamentos podem ser efectuados com produtos economicamente mais viáveis, como sejam as soluções com sulfato de ferro.

 

ABSTRACT

The correction of iron chlorosis in trees grown on calcareous soils is normally achieved by the application of Fe (III)chelates such as iron ethylenediaminedi-ohydroxyphenylacetate (Fe-EDDHA) to the soil. This practice is very expensive and has to be repeated every year because iron is rapidly immobilized in the soil or leached out of the root zone.

The responses of orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. cv. ‘Valencia Late’) grown on a calcareous soil to different foliar sprays were studied. In all the experiments, the recovery from iron chlorosis was evaluated with the SPAD-502 apparatus and the values converted to total chlorophyll concentration. The effects of treatments on the mineral composition of flowers were studied. The residual effect of some treatments was also evaluated one year later.

These results suggest that foliar sprays with Fe could help to avoid yield and quality losses caused by Fe chlorosis in citrus orchards. Furthermore, these treatments could be done with relatively cheap materials such as solutions containing Fe (II) sulphate.

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

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1 Centro de Desenvolvimento de Ciências e Técnicas de Produção Vegetal (CDCTPV), FERN, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, e-mail: fpestana@ualg.pt

2Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Departamento de Química Agrícola e Ambiental, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal

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