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Análise Psicológica

versão impressa ISSN 0870-8231

Aná. Psicológica v.25 n.3 Lisboa  2007

 

Actividade física e qualidade de vida na gravidez

Iva Tendais (*)

Bárbara Figueiredo (**)

Jorge Mota (***)

RESUMO

Pouco se conhece acerca da actividade física e qualidade de vida da mulher na gravidez. Este estudo teve como objectivos 1) comparar os padrões de actividade física antes e durante a gravidez, 2) avaliar a percepção da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde durante os primeiros seis meses de gestação, e 3) comparar a percepção da qualidade de vida nas mulheres activas e insuficientemente activas considerando as recomendações de saúde pública.

Método: Estudo longitudinal com 59 grávidas seleccionadas em consultórios médicos privados. Às 10-15 semanas foi recolhida informação socio-demográfica e médica, bem como informação sobre a actividade física três meses antes da concepção. Medidas de auto-relato foram administradas entre as 10-15 semanas e as 19-24 semanas de gestação para avaliar o tempo de actividade física (QAFG) (no trabalho, lazer, deslocações) e a qualidade de vida (SF-36).

Resultados: A prevalência de actividade física recomendada é menor durante do que antes da gravidez (16.7% e 17.5% nos 1.º e 2.º trimestres, respectivamente vs. 47.4% antes da gravidez). Com a gravidez, não se verificaram alterações no tempo médio em diferentes tipos de actividade física, mas a actividade física no lazer registou uma diminuição significativa no 1.º trimestre face ao período anterior à concepção. Em comparação com uma amostra normativa de mulheres portuguesas, as grávidas apresentam, nos dois primeiros trimestres de gestação, uma percepção de qualidade da vida mais positiva na generalidade das dimensões do SF-36. No 2.º trimestre, o nível de limitação é significativamente maior nas dimensões físicas, à excepção da Dor Corporal, e nos resultados sumários do Componentes Físico e Mental. As mulheres que no 1.º trimestre atingem os níveis recomendados de actividade física no lazer (≥150 minutos por semana) apresentam melhor estado de saúde geral e estados de humor mais positivos do que as menos activas.

Conclusão: A actividade física no lazer, embora diminua após a concepção, tem um impacto positivo na percepção do estado saúde geral e estados de humor da grávida, o que sugere a sua importância para a saúde da mulher também durante este período da vida.

Palavras-chave: Actividade física, gravidez, qualidade de vida, depressão

 

 

ABSTRACT

Background: Little is know about the impact of pregnancy in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and in physical activity patterns. The objectives of this study were 1) to compare physical activity patterns before and during pregnancy, 2) to evaluate HRQoL among pregnant women until six months pregnancy and 3) to compare HRQoL between sufficiently and insufficiently active women considering the public health recommendations.

Methods: Longitudinal study with 59 pregnant women (20-39 years of age) recruited in private obstetric clinics. At 10-15 weeks gestation, socio-demographic and medical information was collected, as well as physical activity levels three months prior to conception. Self-report measures were administered at 10-15 weeks and 19-24 weeks gestation to assess work, leisure and transportation-time physical activity and HRQoL.

Results: The prevalence of recommended activity is lower during pregnancy than prepregnancy (16.7% and 17.5% in 1st and 2nd trimesters, respectively, vs. 47.4% prepregnancy). After conception, there were no changes in physical activity time, but leisure-time physical activity showed a decrease from prepregnancy to 1st trimester of gestation. Compared to Portuguese normative data, pregnant women demonstrate a more positive HRQoL on almost every domains of SF-36 in the first two trimesters of pregnancy. In the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, the level of impairment is significantly higher in physical HRQoL, with the exception of Bodily Pain, as well as on the SF-36 physical and mental component summary score. Women meeting recommended levels of leisure physical activity at 10-15 weeks (≥150 minutes per week) reported better general health and more positive mood states compared to less active women.

Conclusions: In spite of the decline observed during pregnancy, leisure-time physical activity has a positive impact in pregnant’s general health status and mood states suggesting its importance for women’s health also during this life period.

Key words: Psysical activity, pregnancy, quality of life, depression

 

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(*) Universidade Lusíada do Porto, Porto.

(**) Departamento de Psicologia da Universidade do Minho, Braga.

(***) Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, Porto.

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