Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola

versão impressa ISSN 0254-0223

Ciência Téc. Vitiv. v.18 n.2 Dois Portos  2003

 

 

1 Direcção Regional de Agricultura de Entre Douro e Minho, Divisão de Vitivinicultura e Fruticultura, Quinta de Sergude, Sendim, 4610-764 Felgueiras.

2 Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa. E-mail: anamonteiro@isa.utl.pt; carlosmlopes@isa.utl.pt

(Manuscrito recebido em 18.11.03 . Aceite para publicação em 22.01.04.)

 

 

RESUMO

Num ensaio instalado na Região dos Vinhos Verdes, sub-região de Monção, com a casta ‘Alvarinho’, compararam-se, durante 3 anos consecutivos, 4 sistemas de manutenção do solo: enrelvamento permanente natural, herbicida foliar a toda a área, mobilização do solo e enrelvamento permanente natural alternado com mobilização do solo.

A densidade da flora natural foi influenciada significativamente pelas técnicas de manutenção do solo tendo-se também verificado uma selecção de espécies por modalidade, com incremento de espécies de gramíneas e leguminosas no enrelvamento.

Comparativamente às modalidades herbicida foliar a toda a área e mobilização do solo, o enrelvamento a toda a área por espécies residentes induziu uma redução significativa da produção e vigor da videira em resultado de um menor peso unitário do cacho e do sarmento, sem afectar a qualidade do mosto à vindima. A modalidade de enrelvamento permanente natural alternado com mobilização apresentou valores intermédios que não diferiram significativamente das restantes modalidades. Os resultados evidenciam a possibilidade de utilização dos relvados como técnicas passíveis de manipulação do vigor da videira. Todavia, a redução de vigor observada nas modalidades relvadas, caso persista nos próximos anos, poderá comprometer a perenidade da videira, pelo que será de considerar a possibilidade de utilização de modalidades menos competitivas.

Palavras-Chave: enrelvamento, não mobilização, herbicida folhear, podução, vigor.

 

 

RÉSUME

Enherbement des sols dans la région “Vinhos Verdes”. Trois ans d’études avec le cépage ‘Alvarinho’

Dans un essai installé dans la région des “Vinhos Verdes”, avec le cépage blanc ‘Alvarinho’, on a comparé, pendant 3 ans, 4 techniques d’entretien du sol: enherbement permanent naturel, nonculture par désherbage chimique, travail du sol et enherbement permanent naturel alterné (un interligne sur deux) avec travail du sol.

La densité de la flore spontanée a été influencé par les techniques d’entretien du sol. On a vérifié aussi une sélection des espèces par traitement, avec une augmentation des graminées et fabacées dans le traitement enherbé.

En comparaison avec les traitements non-culture par désherbage chimique et travail du sol, l’enherbement permanent naturel a induit une réduction significative du rendement et de la vigueur de la vigne, sans affecter la qualité du moût à la vendange. L’enherbement permanent naturel alterné avec travail du sol n´a pas présenté des différences significatives dans le rendement et vigueur par rapport aux autres traitements.

Les résultats montrent la possibilité d’utiliser l’enherbement permanent pour la maîtrise de la vigueur de la vigne. Toutefois, si la réduction de la vigueur observée sur les traitements enherbés continue dans les prochaines années, la pérennité de la vigne peut être affectée. Dans cette situation il faut utiliser des techniques d’entretien du sol moins compétitives.

Mots clés: enherbement, non-culture, désherbage chimique, rendement, vigueur.

 

 

SUMMARY

Cover cropping at “Vinhos Verdes” Wine Region. A three-year study in variety ‘Alvarinho’

In a vineyard of the variety ‘Alvarinho’ at northern Portugal, the effect of different soil management systems on flora evolution and richness, vine yield, vigour, and berry composition, was investigated. Four soil management strategies were applied: natural plant cover (RNA), chemical weed control to entire vineyard floor with foliage herbicides (HERB); soil mobilization (MOB) and natural plant cover alternated with soil mobilization (RMOB).

The treatments had a significant effect on the flora species number per m². A selection of species was also observed, with an increase of the grass and legume species in the cover cropping treatment.

The natural plant cover (RNA) induced a significant yield and vigour reduction due to a lower cluster and shoot weight without affecting berry composition. The RMOB treatment showed intermediate values not significantly different from other treatments.

The results show the possibility of the use of the resident vegetation to control vine vigour. Nevertheless if the vigour reduction continues in the next years it can negatively affect vine longevity. In that case the use of low competition management techniques like for example the permanent natural plant cover alternated with soil mobilization seems to be a better choice.

Key words: cover crops, foliar herbicide, no tillage, yield, vigour.

 

 

Texto completo apenas em formato pdf.

Full text only in pdf format.

 

 

REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

Agulhon R., 1996. Interét des nouvelles techniques d’entretien des sols de vigne pour la viticulture, l’oenologie, l’environnement et la santé. Progrès Agricole et Viticole, 113, 275-278.

        [ Links ]

Agulhon O., 1998. Enherbement permanent, ENM et mulch, comparés à la non culture. Phytoma, 511, 46-48.

Basch G., 2002. Mobilização do solo e ambiente. In: Actas do 1º Congresso Nacional de Mobilização de Conservação do solo. 51-61.Basch G. e Teixeira, F. (eds.). APOSOLO. Évora.

Bugg R.L., Van Horn M., 1998. Ecological soil management and soil fauna: Best practices in California vineyards. In: Proccedings ASVO Viticulture Seminar Viticultural Best Practice. 23-34. Hamilton, R., Tassie, L., Hayes, P. (eds.). Australian Society of Viticulture and Oenology, Adelaide.

Carbonneau A., 1991. Propositions en matière de méthodologie. Riv. Vitic. Enol., 4, 33-36.

Cerejeira M.J., Silva A., Batista S., Trancoso A., Caetano M.S.L., Silva-Fernandes A., 2000. Simazine, metribuzine and nitrates in the ground water of agricultural areas of Portugal. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, 75, 245-253.

Chantelot E., Carsoulle J., Legoff I., 2001. Maîtrise de la teneur en azote des moûts en système enherbement permanent par pulverization foliaire d´azote. GESCO. Compte Rendu, 16, 465-472.

Crozier P., 1998. Enherbement permanent et mulch: aspects agronomiques. Phytoma, 511, 42-45.

Deist J., Jotze W.A.G., Joubert M., 1973. The role of cover crops in the movement of phosphate and calcium in soils. Dec. Fruit Grower, 23, 38-141.

Frazão A., 1990. Influence des différents techniques d’entretien du sol sur les maladies de la vigne. In: Plant-protection problems and prospects of integrated control in viticulture: 571-576. Cavalloro R. (ed.). Commission of the European Communities. International Organization.

Frazão A., Moreira I., 1990. Influence des techniques de désherbage sur l’évolution de la flore adventice et l’incidence des maladies de la vigne au Ribatejo. Portugal. IOBC/WPRS Bull., 13, 28-31.

Gallandt E.R., Liebman M., Huggings D.R., 1999. Improving soil quality: implications for weed management. In: Expanding the context of weed management. 95-121. Buhler D.D. (ed.). Food Products Press. London.

Geoffrion R., 1999. L´enherbement permanent, 40 ans après. Phytoma, 519, 25-27.

Geoffrion R., 2000. L´enherbement permanent contrôlé des sols viticoles. Vingt ans de recherches sur le terrain en Anjou. Phytoma, 530, 28-31.

Gomez K.A., Gomez A.A., 1984. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. 2ª Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Hirschfelt D.J., 1998. Soil fertility and vine nutrition. In: Cover Cropping in Vineyards. A Grower’s Handbook. 61-68. Ingels C.A., Bugg R.L., McGourty G.T., Christensen L.P. (eds.). University of California. Oakland. Publication 3338.

Ingels C.A., Bugg R.L., McGourty G.T., Christensen L.P., 1998. Cover Cropping in Vineyards. A Grower’s Handbook. University of California. Oakland. Publication 3338.

Lisa L., Parena S., Lisa L., 2002. Confronto tra inerbimento e lavorazione del terreno: gli aspetti viticoli. L´Informatore Agrario, 2, 27-30.

Lopes C.M., Vicente-Paulo J., Pacheco C., Tavares S., Barroso J., Rodrigues M.L., Chaves M.M., 1999. Relationships between leaf water potential and photosynthetic activity of field grapevines grown under different soil water regimes. 11^th Meeting GESCO, Univ. Degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy, 211-217.

Lopes C.M., Monteiro A. 2003. Tecnologia vitícola para vinhos de qualidade. Actas I Colóquio Vitivinícola da Estremadura, CVRE/APH (eds), 71-87.

Maigre D., 1996. Comportment viticole e physiologique de la vigne soumise à différents models d’entretien du sol. Observations sur Chasselas en 1993. Revue Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic., 28, 303-312. Maigre D., Aerny J., 2001. Enherbement permanent et fumure azotée sur cv. Gamay dans le Valais central. Revue Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic., 33, 145-150.

Maigre D., Murisier F., 1991. Bilan intermédiaire d´un essai d´entretien du sol en viticulture. Revue Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic.,23, 343-349.

Maigre D., Aerny J., Murisier F., 1995. Entretien des sols viticoles et qualité des vins de Chasselas: influence de l´enherbement permanent et de la fumure azotée. Revue Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic.,27, 237-251.

Marocchi G., 1987. New opportunities for the weeds control in vine. In: Integrated pest control in viticulture. 318-322. Cavalloro R. (ed.). Commission of the European Communities. A.A. Balkema.

Moreira I., Monteiro A., 2000/1. Gestão da flora das vinhas. Protecção da Produção Agrícola, 142-170.

Morlat R., Jacquet A., Asselin C. 1993. L´enherbement permanent contrôlé des sols viticoles: Principaux résultats obtenus en Anjou. GESCO. 7^ème Colloque Viticole et Oenologique, 89-95

OIV, 1990. Office International de la Vigne et du Vin. 1990. Recueil des métodes internationales d´analyses des vins et des moûts. Ed. Officielle, Paris, 368 pp.

Pacheco C.M.A., Laureano O., Tomé J.A., 1991. Culture et non culture de la vigne: résultats de production, vigueur e et composition des mouts, sur huit années d’essais. Annales ANPP, 3, 249255.

Prichard T.L., 1998. Water use and infiltration. In: Cover Cropping in Vineyards. A Grower’s Handbook. 85-90. Ingels C.A., Bugg R.L., McGourty G.T., Christensen L.P. (eds.). University of California. Oakland. Publication 3338.

Remund U., Gut D., Boller E., 1991. Influence of flora and management of permanent green cover on the arthropod fauna - preliminary conclusions of a 4 years investigation in 21 vineyards in Eastern Switzerland. IOLB-Group Viticulture, Reunion Conegliano (Italie).

Riou C.F., Pieri P., 1998. Étude de la competition azotée et hydrique du système vigne-herbe. Application d´un modèle de bilan hydrique. ANNP- Dix-septième conférence du COLUMA Journées Internationales, 1089-1096.

Rodrigues M.L., Chaves M.M., Wendler R., David M.M., Quick P., Leegood R., Stitt M., Pereira J.S., 1993. Osmotic adjustment in water stressed grapevine leaves in relation to carbon assimilation. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 20, 309-321.

SAS, 1989. SAS/STAT User’s Guide. Release 6. Fourth Edition, Volume 2, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., USA.

Scholander P.F., Hammel H.T., Bradstreet E.T., Hemmingsen E.A., 1965. Sap pressure in vascular plants. Science, 148, 339-346

Shanks L.W., Moore D.E., Sanders C.E., 1998. Soil erosion. In: Cover Cropping in Vineyards. A Grower’s Handbook. 80-85. Ingels C.A., Bugg R.L., McGourty G.T., Christensen L.P. (eds.). University of California. Oakland. Publication 3338.

Smart R.E., Robinson M., 1991. Sunlight into wine. A Handbook for winegrape canopy management. Winetitles, Adelaide, 88 pp.

Spring, J.L., Mayor J.Ph., 1996. L’entretien des sols viticoles. Revue Suisse Vitic. Arboric. Hortic., 28, 83-86.

Streit B., Rieger S.B., Stamp P., Richner W., 2003. Weed populations in winter wheat as affected by crop sequence, intensity of tillage and time of herbicide application in a cool and humid climate. Weed Research, 43, 20-32.

Whisson D.A., Giusti G.A., 1998. Vertebrate Pests. In: Cover Cropping in Vineyards. A Grower’s Handbook. 126-131. Ingels C.A., Bugg R.L., McGourty G.T., Christensen, L.P. (eds.). University of California. Oakland. Publication 3338.