Insécurité et convivance urbaine. Le cas de deux villes Mexicaines: Mexico et Querétaro

Rebeca Contreras ¹

Gabriel Moser ²

Yannick Savina ³

 

Résumé: Cette recherche par entretiens au domicile des habitants, met en relation l'insécurité ressentie et les modalités de vivre ensemble dans des quartiers aisés et populaires de Mexico et d'une petite ville de province, Querétaro. Mexico est perçue comme une ville insécure et difficile à vivre, Querétaro, comme tranquille et conviviale. La structure urbaine et l'insécurité n'ont que peu d'emprise sur le mode de vie dans les quartiers défavorisés. Ce sont essentiellement les pratiques de convivialités des habitants des quartiers aisés de ces deux villes qui se différencient. Alors qu'à Mexico il y a peu de participation et peu d'activité au sein du quartier, à Querétaro, la participation est importante, et les habitants se rencontrent souvent dans la rue au cours de promenades. A Mexico la sociabilité est organisée et planifiée et l'on se rencontre dans les bars et les lieux publics. Le manque de convivance publique dans les quartiers aisés de Mexico semble autant lié aux effets des conditions de vie d'une grande métropole, qu'à des problèmes d'insécurité à proprement dit. Le repli sur soi, la relative indifférence à autrui et la réticence à s'impliquer dans la vie de quartier, sont en effet des comportements typiques des grandes métropoles.

Mots­‑clefs:Convivance, sentiment d'insécurité, grande ville, petite ville, quartiers aisés et populaires.

 

 

Insegurança e convivência urbana. O caso de duas localidades mexicanas: México e Querétaro

Resumo:O presente artigo analisa a relação entre a percepção de insegurança urbana e modos de conviver nos bairros favorecidos e populares da cidade de México e de uma vila provincial, Querétaro. Os participantes eram entrevistados nas suas residências. A cidade de México é percepcionada como pouco segura e difícil de viver, enquanto Querétaro está vista como uma vila tranquila e amigável. Os resultados mostram que a estrutura urbana e a insegurança têm pouca influência sobre o modo de vida dos habitantes dos bairros populares. Os habitantes dos bairros mais ricos diferenciam­‑se em práticas de convivência. Enquanto, na cidade de México, a participação pública é baixa e as relações de vizinhança são pouco intensas, na Querétaro, a participação local é elevada e os vizinhos encontram­‑se muito nas ruas. Na cidade de México, a sociabilidade é organizada e planificada e as pessoas encontram­‑se essencialmente nos bares e noutros espaços públicos. A falta de convivência pública nos bairros favorecidos desta cidade parece estar relacionada tanto com os efeitos das condições de vida metropolitana, como com a insegurança urbana. A focalização sobre o próprio, a indiferença relativa aos outros, a falta de implicação na vida do bairro são, com efeito, comportamentos típicos dos habitantes das grandes cidades.

Palavras­‑chave: convivência, sentimento de insegurança, cidade, vila, bairros favorecidos e populares.

 

 

Insecurity and public conviviality, the case of two Mexican towns: Mexico and Querétaro

Abstract: This paper analyses the relation between the perception of insecurity and the ways of living together and public conviviality in wealthy and popular neighbourhoods of Mexico and of a small provincial town, Querétaro. Data have been collected by interviews at the participants' home. Mexico is seen as an insecure town in which it is difficult to live. Querétaro instead, is seen as quiet and convivial. Results show that urban structure and insecurity have only a weak influence on the way of life in popular neighbourhoods. The inhabitants of wealthy neighbourhoods of the two cities differentiate themselves in their way of living together. In Queretaro local participation is intense and inhabitants meet essentially in the street, in Mexico instead, neighbourhood life and local participation is low. In Mexico sociability is organized and people meet mostly in bars and other public places. The lack of public conviviality in upper class neighbourhoods of Mexico is as much due to the effect of the living conditions of a big metropolis than to problems of insecurity. Withdrawal, the relative indifference to others and the reluctance to implicate oneself in neighbourhood life are typical behaviours of city dwellers.

Key‑words: Living together, public conviviality, feeling of insecurity, metropolis, provincial town, wealthy and popular neighbourhoods.

 

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

 

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¹ Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico.

^2,3 CNRS Laboratoire de Psychologie Environnementale UMR 8069; Université Paris­‑Descartes.